Probability Basics

A friend flips a coin and calls heads 'lucky.' But how lucky is it, really? Half the time it lands heads, half the time tails — so 'lucky' is just another word for 'one chance in two.' Roll a die and hope for a 6: that's one chance in six. Draw a heart from a deck: thirteen chances in fifty-two. Probability turns vague luck into a precise fraction — and every fraction lives on the same simple ruler.